Mazamas. The Mazamas, of Portland, Oregon, held their 56th Annual Outing in Grand Teton National Park, 16–31 July 1949. The main camp was at String Lake. Seventy-two persons registered, of whom 37 arrived from the west by chartered bus. Six peaks were climbed, two of them twice. There were side trips to Yellowstone Park and other points, as well as trail hikes, fishing and boating. The 1950 Outing is planned for the Elwha Basin in the Olympic National Park, 15–30 July 1950.

In 1949 the Mazamas continued their participation in the development of a municipal forest park in the hills adjacent to Portland. Two tree-planting and trail-development trips were held.

Dr. Donald B. Lawrence, member of the research committee of the Mazamas and associate professor of botany at the Universityof Minnesota, reports the following in connection with his work on certain of the glaciers in southeastern Alaska during July and August 1949. He was assisted in this work by Elizabeth Lawrence and Lloyd Hulbert.

“By a study of the age of trees growing on and beyond the recent terminal and recessional moraines, the history of glacier fluctuation in southeastern Alaska for the past six centuries was worked out in a preliminary way. Special attention was paid to the glaciers emanating from the southern half of the Juneau Ice Feld where recessions of 1.3 to 5 miles have occurred since the stage of maximum advance of the mid- 1700’s which had not been exceeded since at least 1300 A. D. and quite possibly since the waning stages of the Wisconsin Glaciation. In Glacier Bay, recessions since the mid-1700’s have amounted to as much as 62 miles, which is 15 times as rapid as anywhere else in the world. An apparent relation was noted between glacier fluctuation and known solar activity. The technique employed in these investigations is described in an article in the April 1950 issue of the Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, and the results are described in detail in articles in the 1949 Mazama Annual and in the April 1950 issue of the Geographical Review. This work was sponsored by the American Geographical Society of New York, Office of Naval Research, Graduate School of the University of Minnesota, the Mazama Hardesty Trust Fund, the United States Forest Service, and the Committee on Glaciers of the American Geophysical Union.”

F. D. Ayres